Information security risks are inherently dynamic; threat landscapes, technological architectures, and organisational objectives exist in a state of perpetual flux. Therefore, static, point-in-time risk assessments are fundamentally insufficient. ISO/IEC 27005:2022 mandates continuous monitoring and review of factors that influence risk to detect changes in the organisational context at an early stage and to maintain an accurate, real-time overview of the complete risk picture.

Organisations must continuously assess their risk treatment plans and the effectiveness of their ISMS by tracking specific risk factors. This involves setting up systems to identify new sources of risk, such as recently reported zero-day vulnerabilities in IT infrastructure, the emergence of innovative threat-actor tactics, or rapid changes in geopolitical stability. Monitoring must also include internal changes, such as adding new assets to the risk management scope, adjusting asset valuations in response to changing business priorities, and shifts in technology use that could create new attack surfaces.

Additionally, external systemic factors, such as changes in laws and regulations, emerging compliance requirements, and shifts in the organisation's overall risk appetite set by leadership, must be actively monitored. A key element of this process is the ongoing review of risks previously categorised as "low" or "acceptable." Since factors affecting likelihood and impact can change quickly, risks once considered benign may exceed acceptance limits. If an overall review indicates that low risks could lead to systemic, cumulative effects, these risks should be promptly escalated for mitigation. The insights gained from this continuous oversight should directly inform the risk assessment, prompting out-of-cycle reviews whenever significant operational or environmental shifts occur, thereby ensuring the organisation's risk profile remains aligned with current conditions.